Spanning nearly 1,300 hectares on the outskirts of Abuja, Centenary City is one of Nigeria’s most ambitious development projects. Designed as a smart City, it incorporates green spaces, residential neighborhoods, commercial hubs and Industrial zones. Its first residential faze of 200 units is already halfway sold despite being unfinished, highlighting the high demand in Nigeria’s real estate markets.

Managing director Ike Michael Odenigwe attributes this demand to the country’s severe housing shortage and other key factors. “Where the demand is. it’s mostly  residential. People need a place, a roof of over their heads. You’re talking about 20 million housing deficit. It’s all on the scale, low income, middle income, high income are all experiencing deficit” said Odenigwe.

From 2021 to 2023 real estate’s share in Nigeria’s GDP Rose from 5.85% to 7.2% overtaking the oil and gas sector, which dropped to 6.5% last year. Analysts see this as a critical moment in Nigeria’s economic diversification, pointing to real estate’s investment potential amid currency devaluation and inflation.

“First of all, a lot of people are seeing real estate as a way of store of value because of the devaluation of the currency. So rather than keeping your money in liquid cash, you put it in an asset that will hand you better returns. The property estate becomes an area of the economy that we must put a lot of attention into. It will grow the economy.

Despite this growth Nigeria faces a housing deficit exceeding 20 million units impacting all income levels. The low-income segment is the hardest hit, making up 60% of the shortfalls due to high property costs. Industry players argue that policy roadblocks remain a major hindrance.

Odenigwe said, “If the government recognizes the way you put policies in petroleum and oil and gas and all of that, that real estate sector has now become larger than these other places. So, you need to put focus there to promote policies that actually make it grow your economy bigger”.

Real estate is now Nigeria’s third largest economic sector trailing only agriculture and trade. While its rise boosts GDP, experts say its impact on human development is still limited. They emphasize the need for mortgage reforms, better access to housing finance and consistent policies to bridge the housing gap and sustain long-term growth.

Link to full video from CTGN Africa

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Centenary City FCT Abuja was a good project mired in totally avoidable controversies. Months drew on. Then years flew by, while some low-grade quibbling went on in recondite corners; here and there. While that lasted, an investor who was ready to bring an inflow of 18 Billion dollars into the country, as the biggest ever single Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) left the country in frustration.

Back in 2015, on July 12 to be exact the project was greeted with some enthusiasm on this page. Under the title, “Inside Centenary City”, we enthused: “It is easy to believe that the Centenary City Project will be a major national success story. Following the incorporation of the Special Purpose Company (SPC) that will promote and drive the investment in the city, a total of 19 companies subscribed to the company’s Articles and Memorandum of Understanding; having met the initial capital call. … The Board of Directors of the company was inaugurated by President Goodluck Jonathan”.

Ten years later, the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Nyesom Wike, had to intervene to revive what was looking more and more like a stillborn good idea. His action on the matter was reminiscent of the mythical story of a king who was said to have summoned a perpetually quarrelling couple, locked them up in a big house and then said to them: “The only condition under which I will let the two of you out of this place, and out of my sight, is that you will leave here resolved never to quarrel or fight again”.

Glaring at the couple, as the story went, he was reported to have said: “Under no circumstance must anyone hear ‘pim’ from either of you, in the name of a quarrel or disagreement. Until that happens, and until you come to your senses, you will be locked up here till further notice. You will be supplied all the provisions you ask for, but you will not step out of this place or see the shining sun until you agree to stop disagreeing”.

Well, Wike seems to have done something akin to that, but not with the threat of damnation or anything of the sort. He simply had to make it clear to all concerned parties and stakeholders that no one should try to upstage any endeavour that serves the long-term interests of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It was as simple as that.

Since a Free Zone is created by a Presidential Directive that designates an area for special administration to attract FDI, create jobs, and enhance competitiveness, it was not a matter to be toyed with. Thus, for the minister, the Abuja Centenary City investment and effort was not only here to stay, but must be made to stay in the right and most sustainable way possible.

But Wike did not just roll out the tanks and the gun boats, no! He started by hosting the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA)/Federal Capital Territory Authority (FCTA) and Abuja Centenary City Plc. on Wednesday, April 17, 2024. Then he enquired into the issues that were considered to be bottlenecks on both sides.

Well, he got an earful. The lingering issues, the court cases, the distrust, the contrived bad blood, the mischief of those who should know better than to try to undermine the project. The narratives and narrations were legion. But the point of it all was to find a solution that everyone can live with.

It emerged that some of the obstacles being consistently put in the way of the progress and progression of the Centenary City Project rested on a fundamental misunderstanding of some legal points and other issues. Wike pointed out that a Free Zone is a Presidential Directive that creates a designated area for special administration to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), create jobs, and enhance competitiveness. To that extent, neither the minister nor any administrative institution of state can seriously, and meaningfully, contest the primacy of Mr. President’s powers in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) as custodian.

The conversation dovetailed into the further clarification of some mistaken perspectives regarding the legal identity, and administrative, autonomy of a Freezone, within an overarching umbrella of national sovereignty that still allows it to voluntarily outsource such municipal and other services it feels inclined to do. The operative word is ‘voluntarily’.

Then came the advice that was more of an angry, but pleasantly couched directive: For the FCDA and Centenary City management to resolve their differences amicably and work together in the broader national interest, so that the project can regain traction and move forward. The parties were reminded that the Centenary City project aligned with the Federal Government’s economic strategy of enhancing private sector investment in tourism, and other non-oil income earners critical for boosting the country’s economy.

With very clear guidelines regarding the law and management of Free Zones, and also knowing that there is no ambiguity about the status of Free Zones, the point of showing the best roles of FCTA/FCDA within the law is simply the only reasonable option on the road to lasting synergy. The result was that the parties found accommodation for each other’s perspective and signed a Communique to express their new cooperation. The current development also announced the cessation of court cases, encroachments, name calling and sundry acts of mischief.

For the record, the idea of a new Smart City, as part of Abuja urban renewal programme came after a detailed review of the Abuja capital city concept; as a small administrative capital. It became clear from the review that the upscale provisions for recreation, tourism, shopping, urban middle class accommodation would fill a gap that should not have been there in the first place.

It was one of the Legacy Projects initiated by the Federal Government and approved by the Federal Executive Council (FEC), as part of the programmes and activities for Nigeria’s Centenary celebration in 2014. It was planned following the vision of a Smart Green City that would rank among the most modern cities in the world.

The concept was patterned after model cities like Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, Songdo in South Korea, and Shenzen in the Peoples Republic of China. Part of the expectation was that it would signpost the Nigeria of the future, by leveraging world class urban development as a tool for securing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and catalysing various aspects of social and economic indices in the country.

That probably explains the formation of Centenary City PLC (CCPLC) as a public limited liability company, with 39 local and foreign investors. This came to 100% private sector investors, without any government funding whatsoever. The owners hired a management team, secured a Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) from the FCTA for the Centenary City land, and in lieu of the N3.611 billion premium on the land, it granted the FCTA, which was represented by the Abuja Investment Company Limited – AICL – , 5% of the equity of CCPLC; in addition to a Board seat. With this arrangement, the Government is part owner and part of CCPLC decision-making of the Project through the FCTA.

It was gleefully announced here in 2015 that: “The developer of the new city, Centenary City Plc., has fortunately been working with templates that guarantee both a seamless flow of activities leading to the final emergence of the city, as well as a compensation and resettlement programme for the landowners that will avoid the usual controversies often associated with compensation and relocations. The initial mischief, peddling of false information and the attempt to build a career out of spurious protests have all given way to a quiet and sustained engagement that all the parties concerned are looking at with confidence”.

The enthusiastic submission back then even went on to declare thus: “The Centenary City is the official counterpoise to the Eko Atlantic City in Lagos. Both are the two special economic cities designated as free zones by NEPZA. As a major national project, it was all woven into the centenary celebrations and offered to Nigerians as a powerful catalyst to stimulate investment – with multi-layered positive impact on the economy and the people”. Well, see where we are on the matter, after ten years. And, go and see where Eko Atlantic City is.

With the commendable development under Wike, with the needed positive intervention from the Senate, it is hoped that the new locus of mischief, if any, will not find accommodation elsewhere. I say this because the time lag may become an excuse for mischief makers to begin new claims about ancestral lands and what not.

This is what was said about all that, back in 2015: “Knowing the controversies that have consistently trailed practically all previous compensation programmes in the country, especially for the original inhabitants of Abuja, Centenary City Plc. deployed dialogue and patient consultations to avoid any hiccups. The clarification given early in the day by the Managing Director about the entire compensation package was difficult to fault, or reject. It showed a two-pronged drive that combined cash payment for the crops and resettlement of the displaced landowners in houses built for them by Centenary City Plc. at its own cost.”

We said, further: “The payment to the landowners covers the crops and economic trees on their land, while the resettlement will provide adequate land for the buildings and other facilities to be developed by the Centenary City Plc. for their relocation to even better developed living conditions. Under the guidance of the FCDA, Centenary City Plc. will build adequate housing with infrastructure for the displaced landowners”.

We took it further, and I am deliberately going into history, because the current gains must not get lost in some political muddle once again. Hear this, as stated here on July 12, 2015: “To ensure a scientifically verifiable basis for the deterring eligibility for compensation, the FCDA authorities did a biometric capture of all the affected communities, matching facial recognition and fingerprint scan of persons who are seven years of age and above. So far, most of the 671 beneficiaries identified for compensation have been settled. Some had no title Deed, no C of O, etc., while others had only letters of allocation and nothing more. Today, they have not only been paid, or are scheduled to be paid, for land they did not really own, but are among those to be resettled in new and better houses very soon”.

Compensation to the Original Inhabitants for economic trees/crops and other property interests falling within the Centenary City site and the Resettlement site, as diligently facilitated by the FCDA, was to the tune of N1.4 Billion back then.

The economic benefits of the Centenary City project are easily measurable. So are the social benefits, as well as the extra political mileage that would come in due course.

Let Agencies of Government come to terms with the fact that Governments regulate, and do not “supervise” private sector projects. Let us also hope that

Nyesom Wike’s courage holds out and that the FCDA and Centenary City management remain on the right track in the national interest.

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Justice Inyang Ekwo led the ruling that levied N100m damages on Arab Contractors Nigeria Limited for invading and defacing structures in the Centenary Economic City Free Zone and destroying its master plan.

The ruling delivered on February 6, 2024, was for a suit marked FHC/ABJ/CS/2130/2022, filed by the Centenary Economic City Free Zone and Centenary City Free Zone Company where Justice Ekwo declared the invasion of the Centenary Economic City Free Zone by the defendants. as illegal and unconstitutional. Apart from the FCT Minister and the Arab Contractors Nigeria Limited, other defendants in the suit are the Federal Capital Development Authority; the President; the Attorney General of the Federation; the Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority, and the Minister of Industry, Trade, and Investment.

In the affidavit filed in support of the 2022 lawsuit, the Managing Director of the plaintiff, Dr. Ike Odenigwe, stated that without the permission of NEPZA, which had the regulatory power, the FCTA asked Arab Contractors to convert parts of the Free Zone land to their site. Dr. Odenigwe claimed that Arab Contractors defaced and destroyed the master plan of the Centenary Economic City Free Zone. The court judgment explained that the first and second defendants did not file any process in reaction to the plaintiffs’ original summons.

However, in their counter-affidavit, the 5th, 6th, and 7th defendants claimed that the plaintiffs were not the allottees of all the parcel of land detailed in the Centenary City master plan. They further argued that based on the Certificate of Occupancy issued by the then FCT minister, the allottee was Centenary City Plc and not Centenary Economic City Free Zone or Centenary City Free Zone Company.

However, in his judgment, Justice Ekwo, ruled in favor of the plaintiffs against the defendants. He declared: “An order of injunction is hereby made restraining the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, the Federal Capital Development Authority, and the Federal Capital Territory Administration, either by themselves, or through any of their agencies, or secretariats or howsoever called, from exercising any executive or regulatory control on the Centenary Economic City Free Zone, and from interfering in any form whatsoever, in the administration, regulation, management and control of the Centenary Economic City Free Zone.”

The judgment ruled that the Centenary Economic City Free Zone “occupies the land measuring 1,264.78 hectares with beacons coordinates PB57-PB59), PB60-PB69), PB70-PB79), PB80- PB89), PB90-PB99), PB1000-PB104) located on Airport Road, Wawa District, Cadastral Zone E24, FCT, Abuja.”  Justice Ekwo also made “an order of injunction restraining the 5th, 6th, and 7th defendants, from intruding in any form whatsoever, or entering the Centenary Economic City Free Zone, without the prior written consent and approval of the Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority in accordance with Section 13 of the Nigeria Export Processing.”

Arab Contractors Nigeria Limited was ordered to immediately leave the portion it was occupying in the zone. The judgement also ordered Arab contractors to pay N100m to the plaintiffs for destroying the master plan of the Centenary Economic City Free Zone. He said, “An order is hereby made directing Arab Contractors Nigeria Limited to pay to the plaintiffs the sum of N100,000,000.00 only, for the forceful invasion and destruction of the plaintiffs’ master plan of the Centenary Economic City Free Zone, designed by Eagle Hills Properties LLC, of the United Arab Emirates at a cost of $35m.” Lastly, the judge awarded N50m general damages and another N5m as the cost of filing the suit against Arab Contractors Nigeria Limited.

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The temporary injunction enrollment order dated November 22, 2022 was given in a suit marked 0FCH/ABJ/CS/2130/2022 and filed by the Centenary Economic City Free Zone and Centenary City Free Zone Company.

The defendants in the suit are the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Attorney General of the federation, the Nigerian Export Processing Zones Authority (NEPZA), the Honorable Minister of the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment (FMITI), The Honorable Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCDA), and Arab Contractors (OAO) Nigeria Limited.

Justice I. E. Ekwo granted an “order of interim injunction restraining the defendants “from committing further acts of encroachment, incursion and continuing to deface and destroy the master plan of the Centenary Economic City Free Zone in any form whatsoever, pending the hearing and final determination of the motion on notice”.

This is in respect of the parcel of land, measuring approximately 1,262.27 hectares, situated, lying and being in Plot 1271, Wawa District, Cadastral Zone E24, designated as Centenary Economic City Free Zone, by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on 1st September 2014.

The suite documentation details how the court granted an “Order of Maintenance of Status Quo Ante Bellum by all parties in this suit from taking any further step(s) in relation to the subject matter of the suit pending the hearing and final determination of the Motion on Notice is granted”.

The filing also determined that the premises of Centenary Economic City, on a parcel of Land measuring 1,264.78 hectares with beacons coordinates PB57-PB59), PB60-PB69), PB70-PB79), PB80-PB89), PB90-PB99), PB1000-PB104) located at Wawa District, Cadastral Zone E24,FCT, Abuja, ceased to be under the immediate control and management of the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, and or the Federal Capital Development Authority, pursuant to section 4 of the Nigeria Export Processing Zone Act.

An investor who requested anonymity at the hearing lamented over how the Federal Government shows little political will to create the necessary enabling environment to attract investment, sighting that the FCDA by her current actions, has continued to disregard legal opinions and extant laws which may scare away investors from Nigeria. Yet, the same government claims to be using all its resources to increase foreign direct investment in the country.

The frustrated investor explained that the Centenary city project, with its estimated investment value of over 18 billion USD is the greatest single foreign direct investment proposal in the nation’s history. The project is also assessed to create over 250,000 jobs, with billions of naira already invested by citizens and foreigners alike and owned by private and corporate interests.

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The first phase of the project connects the city center to Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, stopping at the standard gauge railway station in Idu. Launched on 12 July 2018, it opened for public passengers the following week.

The Abuja Light Rail System is mainly intended to reduce the traffic congestion and offer an enhanced travel experience to the commuters in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) region of Abuja.

Abuja Light Rail Details

The Abuja Light Rail System is an integral part of the Abuja Rail Mass Transit System and the FCT Transportation Master Plan. Implementation is planned to follow in six lots, and a feasibility study for the remaining lots is currently under progress.

The project was initially proposed in 1997 but faced numerous delays due to funding issues. CCECC Nigeria was awarded a contract for the construction of lots one and three under the project in May 2007.

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The light rail network developed under the first phase has a total length of 45.2km. Lot 1, also known as the Blue Line, has a length of 17.89km and connects Nnamdi Azikwe Expressway with the Abuja metro station (transportation centre) and runs through Gwagwa and Kubwa.

The 27.2km-long Lot 3, or the Yellow Line, connects the transportation centre with the Nanmadi Azikwe International Airport.

The two lines include 12 stations, 13 bridges, 21 operational offices, nine pedestrian overpasses, and 50 culverts.

A three-month test run was conducted prior to the commissioning of the light rail system

Planned Routes

The Abuja rail mass transit project Phase 1 consists of a ‘Lot 1’ and ‘Lot 3’ line.

Lot 1 Line consists of Lot1A and Lot1B line. Total length is 23.718 km (14.738 mi).

• Idu Station Terminal Outside
• Idu Station Route
• Idu Station Platform

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Lot 1A (Proposed Stations) – Idu – Gwa Gwa – Dei Dei – Jibi – Gbazango – Byazhin – Kubwa

Lot 1B (Proposed Stations) – Ring Road 1 – Garki – Transportation Centre – Wuse – Employment Centre – Utako – Jabi I – Jabi II – Ring Road III – Gwarinpa – Karmo

Lot 3 (Proposed Stations) – Abuja – Stadium – National Park – Ring Road II – Wupa – Idu – Airport North – Airport

The complete network is planned to link Abuja with satellite towns such as Nyanya, Kubwa, Mararaba and Lugbe. Centenary City also plans to incorporate a light rail connection linking to the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport and the Central Business District.

Some of the lines extend from the Federal Capital Territory into the neighboring states.

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